Natural products are vastly utilized as a source of chemotherapeutic agents for human cancers. Kochia scopraia is traditionally used for the cure of urological and dermatological diseases. Recently, methanol extract of Kochia scoparia (MEKS) has been shown to have anti-cancer activity to various human cancers. However, there is no report demonstrating the anti-cancer activity of MEKS in human mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) cells. In this study, the authors studied the effects of MEKS on the cell proliferation and underlying mechanism in YD15 human MEC cells. MEKS decreased YD15 cell proliferation proven by trypan blue exclusion assay and induced apoptosis, evidenced by cell cycle analysis and western blotting. Autophagy induction by MEKS was verified by western blotting. In addition, MEKS regulated the expression of phosphorylated Akt, phosphorylated p38 and Nrf2 protein. This results can imply that MEKS might be a potential candidate for the treatment of human MEC cells.

The Hippo pathway was originally discovered in Drosophila by genetic screening and it has been shown to be conserved in various organisms including human. Until now, the essential roles of Hippo pathway in regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, and organ size control is extensively studied. Currently, Mats1/2 (Mob1a/1b), one of the important components in Hippo pathway, mutant mice were generated which has abnormal phenotype such as resistance to apoptosis and spontaneous tumorigenesis. Of note, Mats1/2 mutant mice also showed dental malocclusion. Therefore, in this study, we have evaluated the bone phenotype of Mats1/2 mutant mice. Although the mRNA expressions of Mats1 or Mats2 were observed in both osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis, the increase of Mats1 level was most prominent during osteoblastogenesis. The RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation from bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) was unaltered upon Mats1/2 mutation; however, the osteoblast differentiation using calvarial pre-osteoblasts was significantly reduced in Mats1/2 mutant mice compare to that of wild type mice. In accordance with in vitro results, Mats1/2 mutant mice showed decreased bone volume as well as increased trabecular separation in μCT analyses. These results may provide novel prospect of the probable linkage between Hippo pathway and bone homeostasis.

Oral adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is a rare and aggressive type of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). It is characterized by a squamous component originating at the mucosa and a deep glandular component. ASC may be misdiagnosed as SCC by superficial incisional biopsy including only the squamous component. ASC has a worse prognosis than general variants of SCC, so accurate diagnosis is essential for patient survival. We present a case report of a large ASC arising in the buccal mucosa, first mistaken as general SCC.

Cervical neck dissection is a frequent technique during treatment for oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Occasionally, specimens harvested as cervical lymph nodes reveal thyroid tissue and need differentiation with metastatic thyroid cancer and ectopic thyroid tissue. Here, we report a case of an ectopic thyroid tissue with lymphocytic thyroiditis mimicking thyroid cancer metastasis at the cervical lymph node.

Oral examination in a patient with a history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) needs considerations of leukemia relapse and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Oral manifestations may contribute to early detection of relapse or systemic complications making accurate oral examination and diagnosis significant. We report a case of a large tumor like mass arising in a patient with a history of ALL and HCT. The patient had been diagnosed with ALL relapse and was being treated with chemotherapy, and furthermore was suspected of GVHD development.

Guided tissue regeneration(GTR) is regenerative operating technique at dental clinic. The vertical bone defect can be treated by GTR. The purpose of this study is to present the importance of GTR at dental clinic. The vertical bone defect was observed on distal side of mandibular right 2nd molar. The patient had been treated scaling, root planing and GTR. Both nonresorbable occluding membrane and resorbable occluding membrane can be used as GTR operation. The former was used in this study. Nonresorbable occluding membrane can exclude epithelial cells from healing defect. The Bio-Oss bone graft used at GTR operation. A radiograph demonstrates that the regenerative part was observed by GTR. In conclusion, GTR operating effect has importance on vertical defect at dental clinic.

Osteoblastoma(OB) is a rare tumor of bone representing less than 1 % of all tumors of the maxillofacial region. The lesion usually appears in vertebral column, sacrum, long bones but rare in mandible or maxilla. The lesion occurs most commonly at age from 3 to 78 years with the mean age of 22-23 years. In this article, we report one case of OB occurred in mandible. With clinical examination and radiological diagnosis, preliminary diagnosis was made as Fibro-osseous lesion, osteomyelitis or cementoblastoma. Under general anesthesia, associated tooth was extracted and excisional biopsy was done. After microscopic examination, it was diagnosed as OB. The patients which we presented did not complain any specific complications, and showed good prognosis.

Hyaluronic acid is natural polysaccharide existing around skin or cartilage, and is known as a moisturizing factor. It is expected that hyaluronic acid cosmetics market will continue to grow in the future, as its use and demand increases, like medical supplies and health food besides cosmetics containing hyaluronic acid. However, There are few present studies on content in cosmetics containing hyaluronic acid. The purpose of this study was to evaluate satisfaction and examine what effect was produced on sebum and moisture in skin after applying to cosmetics the hyaluronic acid helpful in maintaining moisture in skin at 5%, 20% and 50% concentration. For 71 days, a clinical trial in a total 39 persons living in the national capital region was carried out. And sebum and moisture was measured through skin diagnosis system A-ONE TAB before trial and each day when clinical trial was conducted for hyaluronic acid content group. Besides, this study was to examine subjects' general characteristics, eating habits, and living habits, and satisfaction after the clinical trial. This study analyzed a difference according to the time to measure the skin condition among hyaluronic acid content groups by utilizing statistical package program SPSS v. 21.0 through data coding and data cleaning process. There was no statistically significant difference in hyaluronic acid content according to any of demographic characteristics, eating habits and living habits among groups (p>.05). With regard to hyaluronic acid content, there was no statistically significant difference in moisture and sebum prior to clinical trial in T zone and U zone among groups (p>.05). A change of moisture in T zone among groups according to hyaluronic acid content showed statistically significant difference in the 2nd week (F=3.636, p<.05). And the highest level was shown in 50%(44.15±2.672), being followed by 20%(43.15±2.340), and 5%(41.62±2.219). Accordingly, it was shown that, as hyaluronic acid content relatively increased, the moisture in T zone increased. In the results of analyzing the change of moisture in U zone, the change of sebum in T zone and U zone by group according to hyaluronic acid content, no statistically significant difference was shown in sebum level of T zone by group(p>.05). For analyzing the subjective satisfaction after clinical trial among groups according to hyaluronic acid content, satisfaction score was the highest in 'skin moistness' (4.38±0.650) for 5% group, 'skin moistness' (4.69±0.480) for 20% group and 'skin texture smoothness' (4.54±0.519) for 50% group. And no statistically significant difference was shown in each subjective satisfaction by group according to hyaluronic acid content(p>.05). It was thought that the results of skin condition and subjective satisfaction survey according to hyaluronic acid content would be baseline data for developing cosmetics containing the hyaluronic acid and marketing a skin moisturizer.

As human's average lifespan is gradually increased, the interest in the quality of life and health is also increasing. More and more customers like to use the facial manual technique as a way to live a healthy life, instead of using it as measures to simply improve skin troubles or to have beautiful skin. The facial manual technique performed in the skin care stage is closely related to the decrease of stress. In order to verify the effects of facial manual technique on the decrease of stress, an experiment was conducted in the same method by dividing 16 women residing in Seoul into four groups, from September 1st to September 30th 2016. To understand their general characteristics, perceptual stress, and satisfaction with facial manual technique through questionnaire, the frequency analysis and descriptive statistics were performed by using SPSS 22.0 program. The paired t-test was conducted to see changes in stress, LF, HF, LF/HF, average pulse, pulse standard, and average deviation before/after experiment. The stress index was decreased in every group. Especially, the group of the 20s showed a huge decrease(24.3%), which was significant to every group except for the 50s. In the results of LF, the group of the 20s and of the 30s increased 2.8% and 4.6% respectively, which was significant. In the group of the 40s, it was increased 4.0% while it was decreased 1.2% in the 50s. Rather than women in climacteric age, it was more effective for women in younger age. In results of pulse standard, it was increased 36.5% in the 20s, 63.6% in the 40s respectively, which was significant(p<0.05, p<0.01). In the group of the 30s and 50s, the significant values were not shown although it was still increased 48.3% and 65.1% respectively. In the survey of the facial manual technique, the whole participants showed positive responses to its effects on the decrease of stress. A majority of them took easy to control feelings, and it was highly possible for them to use it perio-dically in the future. It suggested that the effects of facial manual technique could play a role on recovering psychological stability and decrease of stress. It could be considered as a safe and effective healthcare method to improve the quality of human's life.

The role of CXCR7, a seven-transmembrane G-protein coupled chemokine receptor, which binds with high affinity to chemokine CXCL11 and CXCL12 in oral cancer cells and the effect of transient CXCR7-downregulation on proliferation and migration of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells have not been reported. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of CXCR7 on an OSCC cell line. In this study, we down-regulated CXCR7 in the KOSCC25B OSCC cell line by siRNA. In vitro cell proliferation and migration assays were used to investigate the effect of CXCR7- downregulation on cell proliferation and migration in si.KOSCC25B cells. The CXCR7 down-regulated OSCC cells grew significantly slower than the negative control siRNA transfected KOSCC25B cells (p<0.05). Additionally, migration of si.KOSCC25B cells decreased significantly compared with non-transfected KOSCC25B cells (p<0.007). These results suggest that down-regulation of CXCR7 induces anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects in OSCC, and that CXCR7 may be a useful target molecule for the treatment of OSCC.

Central odontogenic fibroma(COF) is an extremely rare benign tumor that accounts for 0.1% of all odontogenic tumor. COF is regarded by the World Health Organization(WHO) as a benign odontogenic neoplasm derived from mesenchymal odontogenic tissue. The lesion occurs most commonly in the mandible and patients ranging in age from11 to 80years with mean age of 34years. In this article, we report two case of COF. Case I was associated odontoma and impacted tooth. Odontoma and impacted tooth was removal under general anesthesia. After microscopic examination, finally we diagnosis this lesion as COF. Patients of case II showed radiolucent lesion at the mandible. Lesion was enucleated under general anesthesia. After microscopic examination, finally we diagnosis this lesion as COF. The patients which we presented did not complain any specific complications, showed good prognosis.

Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumour of epithelial origin and comprises 1% of maxillomandibular tumors or cysts. The incidence of pathological changes such as ameloblastoma from the follicle of impacted third molar was reported to have low incidence. However, there are many reports that asymptomatic third molars are related with various pathological conditions. A case of ameloblastoma secondary to third molar extraction and subsequent sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) had not been reported. At the right ramus area, radiolucent lesion had been noted at 6 years after the surgical extraction of the third molar followed by SSRO for the mandibular prognathism. The lesion was proved to be the basal cell type ameloblastoma. There had been no significant bony lesion before or 1 year after the SSRO. The tumour was successfully removed and there was no evident recurrence at 4 year of the follow up after the removal of the ameloblastoma. There are some reports suggesting the pathologic potential of the pericoronal tissues of impacted third molars to develop odontogenic keratocysts and ameloblastomas. The current case reports a rare possibility of ameloblastic change at the site of uneventful healing after third molar extraction and orthognathic surgery.