Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor(CEOT) is a rare benign, though occasional locally invasive, odontogenic tumor.It was first described by Pindborg in 1955. they occur as intraosseous(94%) and extraosseous variants. Although theprognosis of CEOT was regarded as ameloblastoma in the past, contemporary accumulating data suggest that CEOT havebetter prognosis than ameloblastoma. But decisive evidences are lacked. Although CEOT is a rare odontogenic tumor, thehistopathologic features have so much diversity. Especially interesting aspects are the being of amyloid and Langerhans'cells. Author classify 6 cases of CEOT to scanty, small, and lage as produced amount of amyloid and then perform immunohistochemicalstudy about pancytokertin, cytokeratin8/18, vimentin, CD1a, and VEGF(vascular endothelial growthfactor) for verifying the differentiation state of tumor cells and the comparative infiltrative potential withameloblastoma. Author obtain several conclusion and presumptive facts through this study and previous researchs. Tumorcells of CEOT exhibited different differentiating features as amount of amyloid, presumably tumor cells of CEOT withscanty amount of amyloid represent enamel epithelium-like cells of presecretory stage in amelogenesis, tumor cells ofCEOT with small amount of amyloid represent ameloblast-like cells of secretory stage in amelogenesis, and tumor cellsof CEOT with large amount of amyloid represent reduced enamel epithelium-like cells after enamel formation.Epithelial-Mesenchymal transition phenomenon developed in tumor cells of CEOT with small amount of amyloid.Inflammatory reaction was not related with being Langerhansʼ cells. Author tentatively concluded that CEOT withLangerhans cells exhibited a tendency of non-calcification, scanty amyloid formation and frequently occurring at themaxillary anterior region through the previous studies and this study. Infiltrative growth potential of CEOT was lowerthan ameloblastoma regarding only VEGF expression.

Intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS) produced in a various pathologic state was known to intermediate many cellularresponse such as inflammation. Recently, low level light irradiation by HeNe laser used in many clinical field couldimprove inflammatory state by scavenging intracellular ROS through photo-detachment/dissociation process. The purposeof this study is to investigate the differential effects of blue and red light irradiation on ROS scavenging effects.Immortalized human oral keratinocyte HaCat cells were used. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA) was treated forinflammation. Red(635nm) and blue(470nm) light irradiation was carried out. To asses the intracellular ROS by light irradiation,confocal microscopic and flow cytometric assay with DCF fluorescence for total ROS and ESR spectrometry ofDMPO-O2- for superoxide anion were caried out. And microarray was performed for mRNA expression level. Released intracellulartotal ROS in PMA treated HaCat cell lines was dissociated efficiently by red light irradiation, while blue lightirradiation did not. Rather, blue light irradiation increased ROS formation. For superoxide anion generated the firstsynthetic form of ROS, red light irradiation reduced its amount but blue light irradiation did not. In the mRNA expressionin line with cyclooxygenase(COX) pathway, prostagrandin endoperoxide synthase 1(PTGS 1), prostagrandin endoperoxidesynthase 2(PTGS 2) and phospholipase A2(PLA2) were increased by both light irradiation and they were decreasedas time flows. And genes associated with ROS releasing, mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor receptor(TNFR) and interleukin 1beta(IL1B) were increased by 1 hour red light irradiation but did not by blue light irradiation.As a result, red and blue light irradiation showed different response in affecting the level of ROS. These findings indicatethat red light rather than blue light is more useful for anti-inflammation in clinical field.

Artemisia scoparia (A. scoparia), perennial herb is indigenous to Korea and has been traditionally used in liverdamage. We investigated the effect of the essential oil obtained from A. scoparia on apoptosis of KB cells.Cytotoxicity and cellular DNA content were analyzed by MTT assay and flow cytometry, agarose gel electrophoresis,and Hoechst 33258 staining. The caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) proteins were estimatedby Western blotting method. We found that the essential oil induced the apoptosis of the KB cells by concentrationsof 0.4 to 0.2 mg/ml which was verified by DNA fragmentation, apoptotic bodies, and the sub-G0/G1ratio. The essential oil also transient caspase-9 and caspase-3 activity and cleavage of PARP in KB cells for 24 h.The essential oil-induced apoptotic cell death was accompanied by up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation ofBcl-2. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the essential oil of A. scoparia induces apoptosis in KB cells.

The phytochemicals of many plants suggest their potential use as dietary supplements in cancer chemoprevention andchemotherapy. In the present study, antitumor activity of Cudrania tricuspidata, a plant native to East Asia, wasinvestigated. Cell growth inhibition of the extract on HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma using MTT colorimetric assay wasdetermined. Apoptosis on HT-29 cells was performed by DNA fragmentation analysis. PGE2 release was measured by enzymeimmunoassay, because PGE2 is a key protumorigenic prostanoid in many human cancers. For the ROS scavengingactivity, ROS level was detected by laser scanning confocal microscope. It was found that methanol extract of leaves inhibitscell viability by inducing apoptosis as evidenced by DNA fragmentation. Stem bark decreases synthesis of PGE2,inflammatory mediator. Fruits exhibited pronounced ROS scavenging activity. Taken together, these results suggest thatCudrania tricuspidata exerts growth inhibition and anti-oxidation on HT-29 cells through apoptosis, ROS scavenging respectivelythat it may have anti-cancer properties.

Tumor cells under hypoxic conditions are often found due to the rapid outgrowth of their vascular supply, and,in orderto survive hypoxia, these cells induce numerous signaling factors. Erk is an important kinase in cell survival, andits activity is regulated by Raf kinases through numerous growth factor receptors. The authors investigated Erk activationand Raf/Erk signaling using the hypoxia-mimetic agent, cobalt chloride (CoCl2), in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) cells. CoCl2 increases Erk phosphorylation in both a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, blocking theactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) using PD168393 abolished Erk activation in response to CoCl2,suggesting that Erk phosphorylation by CoCl2 is dependent on EGFR.

Irritation fibroma(IF) is the most common tumor-like lesion. IF is characterized by over-production of collagen and,thus, resembles scar tissue. TGF-β1, MMP and TIMP play an essential role in remodeling extracellular matrix duringscar formation. This study investigates the pathogenesis of IF with respect to the coordinated expression of factors involvedin wound healing. Proliferative activity and expression of TGF-β1, MMP-1 and TIMP-1 were observed using immunohistochemistryin 88 cases of IF and 9 cases of normal oral mucosa(NOM). Proliferative activity and expression ofTGF-β1 and TIMP-1 were increased in IF compared to NOM. MMP-1 expression was not significantly increased in IF. Wepropose that IF is caused by increased expression of TGF-β1 and an imbalance in expression of MMP-1 and TIMP-1.

It is not yet clear to know how normal human osteoblasts(NHost) from oral and maxillofacial area deposit, stabilize,and configure their extracellular matrix on dental biomaterial surfaces. Therefore it is necessary to design biomaterialswith improved biocompatibility that will promote earlier bone differentiation and mineralization. There is now increasingevidence that TGase 2 may play a role in the initiation and regulation of the mineralization processes and serves tocross-link osteocalcin and osteopontin, which are predominant substrates for TGase 2 expressed during bonemineralization. But it is still unclear as to which TGase 2 is expressed by NHost in vitro bone formation. The purpose ofthis s tudy was t o determine the level of TGase 2 expression associated with collagen I , osteopontin and osteocalcin inNHost cell lines from oral and maxillofacial area in vitro. We will investigate whether TGase 2 has an active role in thebiocompatibility of dental biomaterials during differentiation and mineralization of NHost. NHost cell lines were culturedunder DMEM with 10% FBS at 37ﾟC and 5% CO2. Collagen quantification, mineralization and calcium assay, ALP activityassay, and RT-PCR analysis during bone differentiation and mineralization were done. ALP levels showed higher activityunder AA+hGP t han under AA. I nhibition o f T Gase 2 by cystamine showed d ecreased Ca++ concentration, c ollagen Ideposition and ALP level during 11 days of differentiation. TGase 2 mRNA expression of NHost was constant during mineralizationstage. TGase 2 enzyme activity was increased during differentiation. Osteopontin mRNA expression duringmineralization was higher than that of osteocalcin and collagen I . It suggested that TGase 2 associated with collagen I,osteocalcin and osteonectin might play a role in the differentiation of NHost from oral and maxillofacial area, but a littleinvolved in mineralization

Metastatic tumors in oral cavity are rare, where their prognoses are considered to be extremely poor. Unless recognizingits primary origin, pathologic diagnoses for metastatic cancer have been troublesome for oral pathologists. Thisretrograde analysis was aimed at providing practical suggestion for the diagnoses of metastatic cancers to oral and maxillofacialregion. We reviewed 20 patients diagnosed as metastatic cancers to oral cavity from 1991 to 2007. The patientswere classified according to their clinical and histologic findings. We also reviewed 19 patients of mucoepidermoid carcinomaand 16 patients of adenoid cystic carcinoma to compare with those of metastatic cancers. Immunohistochemicalstaining for CK 5/6, CK 17, TTF-1, CEA was performed for differential diagnosis. Histologically, 20 cases compromised11 cases of adenocarcinoma, 5 cases of undifferentiated carcinoma, 3 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, and one papillarycarcinoma. The lung was the most common site for primary site (5/20), followed by the breast (2/20). In metastatic adenocarcinoma,TTF-1 positive cases were one lung cancer and a rectal cancer, and carcinomas from breast and rectumshowed CK5/6 positive reaction. CEA was expressed in gastric and rectal carcinomas. In 19 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma,13 cases (68.4%) are CK5/6 (+). In 16 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma, 11 cases (68.8%) showed the positivereaction for CK5/6. TTF-1 is an antibody to show high sensitivity and specificity for lung adenocarcinoma, therefore,TTF-1 is helpful to make a diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinomas from lung. Adenocarcinomas originated from salivaryglands show high CK5/6 expression, but metastatic adenocarcinomas, except of those from breast and rectum, showno CK5/6 expression, lending support that CK5/6 may be useful to differentiate metastatic adenocarcinomas from carcinomasof salivary gland origin.

53 years old female showed repeated ulceration of labial gingival mucosa at upper and lower anterior teeth, which wasa partly desquamated and erythematous lesion. The lesion was slightly extended into vestibule and buccal mucosa in oralcavity, but the similar lesion was not found in other organs by medical inspection. The incisional biopsy including theborder of the ulcerated mucosa and normal mucosa showed a severely inflamed mucosa, of which epithelium was graduallydetached from the underlying conective tissue, so that it was diagnosed as a mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP)pathologically. The epithelium was thinned, almost lost its rete pegs, and the basement membrane was completely distortedby the epithelial detachement. The inflammatory cell infiltration was mainly composed of small round cells andplasma cells. Immunohistochemistry was performed to know the expression of pathogenetic proteins using antisera ofIgk, E-cadherin, laminin a5, elafin, and eIF5A. The basement membrane at the epithelial detachment was condenselypositive for Igk, and the involved epithelium became atrophic but showed consistently positive reaction of matrix proteinsand protein translation factor, i.e., E-cadherin, laminin a5, elafin, and eIF5A similar to the adjacent normal mucosacontinuous to the MMP lesion. The Igk was also diffusely deposited on the basement membrane of nearby normalmucosa. Many plasma cells infiltrated around the lesion were strongly positive for Igk in their cytoplasms. Therefore, wesuggest that the MMP be characterized by the deposition of Igk on the basement membrane of the detached epitheliumin the absence of no other pathognomic changes of molecular events.