Dentinogenic ghost cell tumor (DGCT) is a rare neoplasm, representing 1.9% to 2.1% of all odontogenic tumors. Peripheral DGCTis a rare tumor with only 25 cases previously described in the English literature. The majority of cases have been reported to occurin the anterior part of the jaws. A rare case of peripheral DGCT is reported, located in the lingual side of the anterior mandibleof a 68-year-old man. The patient presented a pedunculated painless growth of 1.5cm in diameter. Radiographically, no bone involvementwas found. The lesion was excised and histologically characterized by islands of epithelial cells showing ameloblastoma-like featureswithin fibrous background tissue. Dysplasic dentin and ghost cells with calcifications were frequently observed. Areas showing a connectionbetween tumor cells and the overlying mucosa were also identified.

Salivary proteins include numerous functional proteins which play important roles not only for the food-intake but also for theprotective and defensive mechanisms. In the present study the compositions of salivary proteins were analyzed by different methods,including electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In hydrophobic protein HPLC analysis the parotid salivagradually produced macromolecular complexes when agitated in refrigerator until 30 minutes. These salivary protein complexes weredigested by neuraminidase, and then migrated more rapidly in native tris glycine gel than the control. Therefore, it was assumed thatthe glycosylated proteins of parotid saliva became gradually aggregated to form salivary protein complexes similar to those of wholesaliva. The salivary protein complexes were easily degenerated in different experimental buffers, i.e., SDS buffer, tris glycine buffer,methanol, etc., and resulted non-specific patterns in electrophoresis and HPLC. Therefore, it was presumed that the salivary proteincomplexes was made by the hydrophobic interaction as well as electrostatic attraction between salivary proteins. These data indicatedthat to know the real pattern of salivary protein complexes in vivo the whole saliva should be analyzed by HPLC using non-adheringcolumn with isoelectric buffer. Consequently, the whole saliva was analyzed by HPLC using reverse phase SuperoseTM column with20 mM potassium phosphate buffer, and two prominent peaks of salivary protein complexes were consistently found in every people.These salivary protein complex peaks were relatively stable up to 6 hours after saliva collection when the whole saliva was keptin refrigerator during experiment. Therefore, it is suggested that the salivary protein complex patterns are characteristic macromolecularstructures of whole saliva, which are also applicable as a diagnostic point in different saliva-associated diseases.

The carcinogenesis mechanism of human salivary gland adenocarcinoma NOS is poorly understood. MicroRNA155(miRNA155) hasbeen involved in the carcinogenesis of many malignant tumors. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of miRNA155in tumor growth and invasion of adenocarcinoma NOS. Using SGT cells as a model for adenocarcinoma NOS, cell proliferation wasexamined by MTT assay after knocking down miRNA155 expression, and cell cycle analysis was performed. Invasive capacity by aTranswell culture assay, and miRNA155 expression in SGT cell line by RT-PCR were examined. In MTT assay, proliferation ofSGT-miRNA155 cells was decreased prominently after 96 hrs. Proliferation of SGT cells was markedly inhibited by knocking downmiRNA155, resulting from a blockade of cell cycle in the G1 phase, but apoptosis was increased about 4 folds. In adhesion assay,SGT-miRNA155 cells decreased about 60% compared to SGT cells. In invasion assay, inhibition of miRNA155 significantly suppressedthe invasive capacity of about 34% SGT cells. mRNA expression of SGT-miRNA155 cells prominently were decreased compared toSGT cells by RT-PCR. It suggested that miRNA155 could play an role in cell cycle progression and invasion in SGT cells, includingantitumor effect. These results have provided insights into the carcinogenic mechanisms and new intervention method of salivary glandadenocarcinoma NOS.

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of Taekwondo training for 16 weeks on obese elementary school students’growth hormone and bone mineral density(BMD). The study was conducted on male obese elementary school students who residein D metropolitan city and have body mass index (BMI) higher than 25%. The whole subject group had no particular diseases anddid not regularly exercise more than twice a week. Based on basal movement, low section, Taekwondo gym and form pattern, theTaekwondo train program was composed of total 16 weeks; 4 weeks of introductory phase, 4 weeks of maintenance phase and 4weeks of improvement phase one and two, respectively. BMD was analyzed using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry standard protocol.As a result, growth hormone was not significantly difference in group and exericse effects. In BMD, there was a significant differencebetween the two groups in BMD lumber spine(LS). In BMD-femur, there was a significant difference in the group (p<0.01) and time(p<0.05). In body composition, there was no statistically significant difference between body mass, body mass index, body fat massand muscle volume. In conclusion, since 16 weeks of Taekwondo training had a positive effect on elementary students’ metabolicsyndrome index, BMD and postural balance. We can deduce that elementary students need constant physical activity for their growth,physical development and physical health.

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a component of propolis, was reported to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-viral,and anti-tumor activities. Our aim was to investigate the effect of CAPE on apoptosis in cultured human mucoepidermoid carcinoma(MEC) cell line, MC-3. Apoptotic effects of CAPE were measured by cell viability assays, Western blotting, 4’-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI) staining and Live/Dead assay. The result of cell viability assay showed that CAPE displayed a strong growth-inhibitory effectin a concentration-dependent manner against MC-3 cells. Consumption of CAPE resulted in pronounced increase in the cleavage ofcaspase-3 and PARP, induced nuclear condensation and fragmentation and clearly increased the number of dead cells in MC-3 cells.CAPE also caused the increase in truncated Bid (t-Bid) and the cleavage of caspase-8 and this phenomenon was regulated by deathreceptor 5 (DR5). In addition, Phosphorylation of AKT and ERK were downregulated by CAPE. Taken together, these results suggestthat CAPE is a potent apoptosis-inducing agent in MC-3 cells.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is the most common malignancy of oral cavity, and the sixth most frequently diagnosedcancer worldwide. This tumor type is associated with poor prognosis, and most OSCC patients are diagnosed after the cancer hasreached an advanced stage. The over expression of NF-κB p65 has been associated with OSCC progression and lymph node metastasis.Hence, the present study analyzed the expression of NF-κB p65 in OSCC from Korean patients. Immunohistochemistry for NF-κBp65 was performed using 12 normal oral mucosas (NOM), 16 oral leukoplakia (with/without dysplasia), and 58 OSCC patients samples.Immunoreactivity was semi-quantitatively scored and the correlation between the expression of NF-κB p65 and clinicopathologicalparameters of OSCC patients was analyzed. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that NF-κB p65 expression level increased in oralleukoplakia with dysplasia and OSCC. Moreover, the immunoexpression of NF-κB p65 appeared to be associated with age, recurrence,TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis in OSCC patients (p<0.05). These results indicated that NF-κB p65 can play a role as oncogenein OSCC. Moreover, NF-κB p65 may play an important role in both oral carcinogenesis and OSCC patient outcome. It may be consideredas another new malignant biomarker of OSCC.

"The juvenile ossifying fibroma, differentiated from the large group of ossifying fibroma based on the patient’s age, common sites, and clinical characteristics, is a rare but locally aggressive benign tumor with high recurrence rate. Herein, we report a case of juvenile ossifying fibroma located in the right mandible, which is an uncommon site. A 8-years- old male child presented to the pediatric unit of our institution with swelling on the right mandible. Radiographically, it was presented as an expanded and radiolucent lesion. Histology revelaed hypercellular fibroblastic proliferation with anastomosing osteoid trabeculae with rounded, strongly basophilic calcified mass rimmed by osteoblasts. Surgical management was done, and regular follow-up is advised."

"From ancient soldier to mordern athletes, it has been discussed that some oral appliance have enhanced performance and decreased stress or improve strength. Since mouth guard was used by Italien Boxer on 1930’s for prevent of orofacial injury, some investigators have researched the co-relationship between jaw position and strength. This experiment was performed to study the relationship between mouth guard and E.M.G. 20 Taekwondo students were participated in this study. They were wearing Mouth guard and checked Brachialis physical activity by E.M.G. The muscle activity of mouth guard wearing group was higher than that of non-wearing group. "

"Bioactive peptides function effectively with a minimal amount compared to proteins. Recently SPARC related modular calcium binding 1 (SMOC1) has been implicated in regulating osteoblast differentiation and limb and eye development. In this study we synthesized a peptide covering 16 amino acids derived from the extracellular calcium binding (EC) domain of SMOC1, and its effects on proliferation and osteoblast differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were examined. Treatment of SMOC1 peptide did not modulate proliferation of BMSCs. However, mineralization of BMSCs was significantly increased with a dose dependent manner. Consistently expression of osteoblast differentiation marker genes including type 1 collagen and osteocalcin was also dose dependently increased. Taken together, these results suggest that peptide derived from the EC domain of SMOC1 recapitulates at least partially osteogenic function of SMOC1."

"The aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of tooth brushing patterns before and after education with a newly invented toothbrush. All participants performed toothbrushing on left lower first molar teeth for 10 seconds, using Modified bass method with the Newly invented toothbrush before education. After recording the brushing pattern, the participants were randomly classified into 1) Tell, 2) Tell-Show and 3) Tell-Show-Do group. After their education, toothbrushing patterns were recorded again. A comparative statistical analysis with a professional group was done by a one sample t-test. Each motion of toothbrushing was represented by Roll, Pitch and Yaw directions and pressure. After toothbrushing education, the Pitch, Roll direction and the value of pressure in all groups showed significantly similarity to the professional group. The Yaw direction appears to be improved after education, but the delineated motion was not considered to represent the Modified bass method. The patterns of each group were similar to the professional group as follows; Tell < Tell-Show < Tell-Show-Do. There was general evidence of higher educational effects by telling, monitoring and practical training. Finally, toothbrushing patterns were able to be analyzed by the Newly invented toothbrush correctly and quickly. This will contribute to the establishment of correct toothbrushing habits through public use."

"Dibenzylideneacetone (DBA), an analogue of curcumin has been shown to have anti-cancer activity in a variety of tumor cell lines. However, the anti-cancer activity of DBA and its molecular mechanism in HN22 oral cancer cell line have not been fully explored. The effects of DBA on anti-proliferative and apoptotic activity were evaluated by the trypan blue exclusion assay, 4’-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, Western blot analysis, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Our data showed that the treatment of DBA to HN22 cells exerted anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities and the activity was accompanied by a decrease in Sp1 protein, Sp1 mRNA and its promoter activity. DBA also reduced the expression level of Sp1 protein and caused apoptotic cell death in HN22 cells simultaneouly. Phosphorylation of ERK and JNK were regulated by DBA whereas phosphorylation of p38 was not altered. Overall, our results suggest that the regulation of Sp1 activities and ERK/JNK are involved in DBA-induced apoptosis and DBA can be a promising anticancer drug candidate for the treatment of oral cancer."

"Heavy metals such as cadmium and mercury are a highly toxic metal that affects a variety of cellular events, such as cell proliferation, differentiation and survival in animals as well as in human. The exposed heavy metals significantly affected the development and health in pubertal period. However, it is not clear how the toxicity of heavy metals in pubertal affects comparing in adults. To determine the effects of heavy metals on pubertal and adults, heavy metals such as cadmium and mercury were exposed to in pubertal and adults mice for 48 and 72h. Results showed that mice exposed to heavy metals for several hours induced overall tissue and organ damage. Especially, blood vessels of the most organ were more increased in adult mice compared to pubertal mice. And for morphologic alteration, secretary organs such as salivary gland and kidney were affected the most. Taken together, exposing to heavy metal in mice altered the blood vessels. In addition, the adverse effects of cadmium and mercury were more severe in adult mouse than puberty mouse. Further study is needed to focus on endothelial cells for more precise its mechanism. "