The regeneration of periodontium is the goal of periodontal therapy. Many periodontologists try to achieve this goalby using guided tissue regeneration(GTR) method. However, these procedures always include several disadvantages.Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) stimulated ectopic bone formation when it was implantedin rat muscles with insoluble bone matrix by differentiating muscle cells into chondrocytes and osteoblasts. The purposeof this study was to evaluate the osteoinductive potential of the mixture of rhBMP-2 (5 μg/ml) and heparin (0.25 or 25μg/ml ) at the critically sized rabbit calvarial defects. And this study aimed to reveal that heparin also acts to enhancethe bone forming activity of rhBMP-2. The 12 rabbits (4-month-old; NewZealand White) were used in the present study.5 μg/ml of rhBMP-2 and 0, 0.25 or 25 μg/ml of heparin were mixed and blotted into anorganic bovine bone and filledcranial defects. The animals were sacrificed following a time schedule (1, 3, and 6 weeks). Sections were made in 7 μmthicknesses, stained with H&E and Masson's trichrome method, and examined under a light microscope. The differencesamong each obtained percent value were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance. A p value of p<0.05 was consideredstatistically significant and an ANOVA test was performed to verify significant differences. To adjust for multiple comparisonswhen one-way analysis of variance showed a significant difference between groups (p<0.05), Scheffe`s post hoctest was used to identify which group differences accounted for the significant p-value. In control group, osteoinductionwas not outstanding, however, in experimental groups, osteoinduction was significantly outstanding, and as the concentrationof heparin mixed with rhBMP-2 increased, osteoinduction was increased. Mixtures of rhBMP-2 and heparin affectbone formation at initial bone formation, but that effect disappeared following a time lapse.

 Many methods have been developed for more efficient gene delivery and expression in human cells. A number of studieshave been performed in achieving successful gene delivery and expression conditions. We investigated differentialgene expression patterns after delivery adenoviral vector containing green fluorescent protein(GFP) gene into humancancer cell lines. We constructed recombinant adenoviral Ad-CMV-GFP containing CMV promoter and GFP gene. Theefficiency of gene expression was assessed by observation GFP expressing cells using fluorescent microscopy after transferof Ad-CMV-GFP in concentrations of 0.1μl. 1μl. 10μl. At first, we evaluated expression patterns of gene in severalhuman cancer cell lines, gastric adenocarcinoma cell line AGS was showed high level of GFP expression compared withcolorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29. After transfer 0.1μl of Ad-CMV-GFP in AGS, we could found that GFP expressioncells were observed in next day and highly increased 2 days. While, small number of GFP expressing cells wereexamined in HT-29 and SNU-C4. Therefore, these data showed that AGS was expressed the highest level of GFP andalmost AGS cells seems to express GFP in concentration of 1μl of Ad-CMV-GFP. GFP expression pattern in HT-29 revealthat expression was low in next day after gene transfer but significantly increase expression level in 2 days. Incase of SNU-C4, GFP expression increased with increasing concentration of Ad-CMV-GFP and t ransfer times. For examineeffects of transfer times in small amount gene, we transfer in concentration of 0.1μl Ad-CMV-GFP and detectedGFP expression patterns after 2 days or 4 days. As a result, expression level of GFP in AGS was increase about 2 foldafter 4 days compared with 2 days, but any difference of GFP expression levels were not showed in HT-29 and SNU-C4.Our study suggested that adenovirus was very efficient gene transfer vector for gene expression in human cancer celllines. In addition to, we also demonstrated that gene expression patterns was dependent on each human cell lines.Therefore, further studies will be needed to confirm the optimum conditions for efficient gene delivery and expression ineach target cell lines with consideration to cellular properties.

 Sialodochitis is an inflammatory disease on salivary gland duct. Although most of sialoadenitis includes inflammatorystatus of ductal system, an unusual behavior such as localized inflammation only in the duct is rarely observed.Sialodochitis is a very rare disease that was first reported by Kussmaul in 1879.1) Common symptoms of chronic sialodochitisare an excretion of mucous plugs and a swelling of the cheek. Sialodochitis may be associated with a type I hypersensitivityin the salivary duct and parotid gland, because of the large amount of eosinophils in saliva, and the commonallergic history such as bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. The management of sialodochitis depends on the severityof disease. The surgical procedure such as drainage operation, sialodochoplasty, or superficial parotidectomy canbe selected. We report the case of chronic sialodochitis with literature review.

 Physical movement is reduced because of convinient life style by advancing of science. People need physical movementand athletes also need more physical training for their health and better records because of reduced movement in modernlife style. Some athletes competing in contact sports wear dental mouth guards to reduce the risk of orofacial traumaand to increase the strength of muscle. It has been speculated that the use of mouth guards improves athletic abilitysuch as muscular strength and equilibrium. The purpose of this study was to test the influence of C.M(custom made)mouth guard according to strength of taekwondo athletes. 5 trained subjects participating in taekwondo students in DUniversity were included in this study. Deltoid muscular activity were tested by means of electromyograph (E.M.G) withor without wearing mouth guard. Subjects have pressed with 5 Kg barbell. The data were transferred to computer systemas raw and integral data. The data were analysed by computer system, showing wearing mouth guard had higher actionpotential than non-wearing mouth guard. This meant that wereing mouth guard could enhance the muscle force indeltoid. It suggested that taekwondo athletes could use C.M mouth guard without any negative effect on their musclestrength.

 Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are known to promote osteogenesis, and clinical trials are currently underwayevaluating the ability of BMPs to promote bone formation in grafting procedures and fracture healing. Some studies,have independently reported that sulfated polysaccharides particularly heparin, enhance the osteoblastic differentiationinduced by BMPs in vitro, and another study demonstrated that heparin enhanced the bone formation induced by BMP‐2in vivo. This study was performed to examine adipose stem cell responses to rhBMP‐2 alone and rhBMP‐2 with heparin at0.25, and 25 μg/㎖ concentrations, respectively, in culture media. Adipose stem cells were cultured for 2, 4, and 8 daystoward the osteoblastic differentiation in rhBMP‐2 alone and rhBMP‐2 with heparin at 0.25, and 25 μg/㎖ concentrations,respectively, in culture media. Verification of the stem cell lineage was performed in two ways. The first method was acontinuous sequential culture until 5th generation. The second method was using monoclonal antibodies for STRO‐1 andCD 90. Naphthol AS phosphate‐fast blue BB staining for alkaline phosphatase was used for verifying osteoblastic differentiationbecause Alkaline phosphatase activity had been used as an osteoblastic differentiation marker and degree ofosteoblastic activity. Alizarin red staining was also used as an osteoblastic differentiation marker because it quantifiesthe calcium levels in cells or tissues. During the 5th generation culture, cultured cells actively proliferated, and thesecultured cells showed a positive reaction to STRO‐1 and CD90 cell surface molecules. Naphthol AS phosphate‐fast blue BBstaining and Alizarin red staining were positive in most samples of each group at 2, and 4 days and positive reactionwas proportioned to degree of morphological differentiation. In the concentration of 25 μg/ml of heparin, the ALP activitywas highest at the 2nd day in the culture, and then the activities of ALP were decreased significantly at 4, and 8days. The ALP activity was greatest at the 4th day of the culture, and then decreased significantly at the 8th day in 0 μg/ml and 0.25 μg/ml of heparin concentrations, Adipose stem cells could be differentiated in rhBMP‐2 in culture media, andthe addition of heparin to BMP‐2 promoted differentiation of osteoblasts. Moreover, morphological differentiation was associatedwith the activity of osteoblasts. This study was shown that, when heparin concentration increases, the early differentiationof the cells was brought about, but the early differentiated cells were rapidly progressed to degenerative changes.

 In order to unravel unidentified genes from human salivary gland, a cDNA library of human submandibular gland wasconstructed in the Uni‐ZAP XR vector by use of mRNA from human submandibular gland and ZAP‐cDNA? Gigapack? IIIGold Cloning Kit. cDNA of salivary gland was subtracted with cDNA of immortalized human keratinocyte cell line, RhimHuman Epithelial Keratinocyte cell line. The phage cDNA library was converted into a pBluescript phagemid cDNA library,which was subsequently plated on LB plates with ampicillin, IPTG, and X‐gal, and white colonies were selected forsequencing. Among 200 clones analyzed, four clones containing C77‐091, C75‐014, C76‐022, and C76‐012 designated orphangenes that are intensely expressed in the interlobular ductal and serous acinar cells of human submandibular gland.Particularly C77‐091 gene expresses 46 amino acids peptide (pI=9.45). C75‐014 and C76‐022 genes were characterized asthose expressing excretory basic proteins primarily consist of alanine, proline, and leucine residues, mimicking a basicproline‐rich protein (bPRP) showing helical structures and having multiple consensus sequences of phosphorylation sites.The strong expression of C76‐012 mRNA in the nuclei of salivary ductal and acinar cells suggests a role of C76‐012 geneas a DNA binding RNA/protein. These data suggest that the identification of four orphan genes from the human salivaryglands may add further understanding of greater role of salivary proteins providing innate immunity by protecting andstabilizing the mucosal epithelium in the maintaining homeostasis of oral mucosa.

 Human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) were reported to play an important role in inflammatory reactions to lipopolysaccharide(LPS) from P.gingivalis in the periodontal connective tissue. Although the biostimulatory effects of hyperbaricoxygen therapy, such as anti-inflammatory activity, have been reported, the pathological mechanism is notcompletely understood. This study examined the changes in the inflammatory cytokine profiles, which are produced afterexposure to hyperbaric oxygen in P.gingivalis LPS-treated human gingival fibroblasts, and subsequently to examine themitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway involved in cytokine production. Gingival fibroblasts with or withoutP.gingivalis LPS were exposed to hyperbaric oxygen, and the cytokine profiles in the supernatant were observed using ahuman inflammation antibody array. The expression of cyclooxyginase-2 (COX-2) protein, phosphorylation of extracellularsignal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), p38, and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPK by western blot analysis, and theamount of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the supernatant by an enzyme-linked immunoassay were determined. COX-2 proteinexpression and PGE2productionwereincreasedsignificantlyintheP. gingivalis LPS-treated group, and were decreased bytreating P. gingivalis LPS with hyperbaric oxygen. Treatment of P. gingivalis LPS in the gingival fibroblasts led an increasein the amount of pro-inflammatory-related cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 released, whereas hyperbaricoxygen inhibits the irrelease. Ananalysis of the MAPK signal transduction showed that hyperbaric oxygen induced a significantdecrease in the level of P38 phosphorylation regardless of the presence or absence of LPS. In addition, hyperbaricoxygen promoted JNK phosphorylation, significantly in the presence of LPS. Hyperbaric oxygen can inhibit pro-inflammatorycytokines and mediate the MAPK signal pathway, and appears to be useful as an anti-inflammatory tool.

 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biological characteristic of deproteinized freeze dried bovinebone(DFDBB) through grafting to maxillary sinus as following time lapsed. Nine patients who were needed of sinus elevationprocedure because of severe resorption of maxillary edentulous alveolar bone were selected. patients were dividedinto three group. Firstly sinus lifting procedure was performed and then the implantation procedure was performed after6 months in first group, 12 months in second group and 18 months in third group and simutaneously tissues of sinuswere obtained by trephine. 18 sections are made from every obtained tissue. 9 sections were stained by Masson's trichromemethod and were taken a photo at 100 times of magnification. Relative area of newly formed bone were obtainedby IPTK(image processing tool kit) version 5.0 program and mean values and standard deviations were produced fromobtained data by using SPSS version 17 program and significance tests were conducted by ANOVA method. This studyrevealed that DFDBB stimulated new bone formation in maxillary sinus and did not have osteoinductive capacity but osteoconductivecapacity, and DFDBB was exceedingly slowly resorbed.

 Benign fibrous histiocytomas that is also known asDermatofibroma,Fibrous dermatofibroma, andFibroushistiocytoma are benign skin growths. They are composed of disordered collagen laid down by fibroblasts. In rarecases, basal cell carcinoma may develop in that. Benign fibrous histiocytomas of bone are unusual neoplasms thatoften are confused with metaphyseal fibrous defects. It is an uncommon neoplasm of the Head and Neck region. Itis a rare and usually painless oral tumor. Several cases were reported in mandible, but few in maxilla, especially inmaxillary gingiva. We are reporting a case of Maxillay gingival.

 The origin of squamous cell components in salivary gland tumor has been not yet clarified in detail. The squamouscell differentiation from adenocarcinoma has been reported in various carcinoma by HPV transfection invitro. The adenocarcinoma cells adjacent to the squamous cell carcinoma components were positive for HPV. This isthought to indicate that after adenocarcinoma cells are transfected with HPV, they undergo morphological changes,and that squamous cell differentiation follows. The purpose of this study were to examine the effects of HPV-16E6/E7 gene transfection into SGT cell line from human salivary gland adenocarcinoma, and to study the relationbetween the E6/E7 gene and squamous differentiation. Plasmid pBR322 containing HPV-16 was transfected intocultured SGT cell line using lipofectin method. Hygromycin was used as a selection marker. The presence of HPVE6/E7, transglutaminase 1, and involucrin mRNAs and protein in E6/E7 gene transfected cells was investigated byRT-PCR and immunoslot blot method. The apoptosis index was analysed by flow cytometry. The growth rate ofE6/E7 gene transfected cells was reduced. E6/E7 transfected SGT cells increased apoptosis index. Involucrin andTGase I mRNAs by the squamous cell differentiation was most conspicuous in the E6/E7 gene transfected cell comparedwith non transfected cells. Squamous cell differentiation demonstrated in the transfectedSGT cell line, whichexpressed E6/E7 fusion gene mRNA.E6/E7 gene transfected cells showed squamous cell differentiation, expressinginvolucrin and TGase 1 protein by immunoslot blotting. The transfected SGT cell which expressed E6/E7 gene mRNAshowed the squamous cell differentiation particularly clearly, and apoptosis was also demonstrated. It suggestedthat E6/E7 gene transfection into human salivary gland adenocarcinoma cells might induce clear squamous cell differentiationand contribute to study the pathogenesis of human salivary gland adenocarcinoma.

 Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator type 1 (PAI-1) inhibitor contribute to theinvasiveness of many carcinomas. It will be helpful to study clinical behavior of patients with malignant tumor byanalysis of their expression. Expression of uPA and PAI-1 in human salivary gland tumors has been rarely reportedin vitro. The purpose of this study were to investigate the protein expression of uPA and PAI-1 in SGT cell linecompared to oral SCC and HeLa cell lines and to study migration and adhesion assay. All the cell lines were culturedunder DMEM with 10% FBS at at 37oC in a 5% CO2 incubator. We studied a possible association between cytosolicuPA and PA-1 concentrations in SGT cell line compared to any other cell lines through cell migration and adhesionassay, and enzyme-linked immunoassay(ELISA). In migration assay SGT cell line was about 2 .5-4 foldshigher than another cell lines. In adhesion assay SGT cell line was about 1.1-2 folds higher than another cell lines.uPA cytosolic concentrations of SGT cell line was about 3-10 folds, while PAI-1 was about 2.5-10 folds. Oral SCCcell lines were the lowest value. Both uPA and PAI-1 concentrations were correlated with migration and adhesionassay. High cytosolic concentrations of uPA and PAI-1 was correlated with migration and adhesion assay. It suggestedthat these markers might be specific marker for SGT cell line and would be contributed to treatment andprognosis of human salivary gland adenocarcinoma.

 Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been a focus of cancer prevention studies due to the fact that it occursby a multistep process and that a precancerous lesion in the oral mucosa is easily accessible. The present study wasaimed at developing an optical detection system using autofluorescence spectrum measurements for the early detectionof oral cancer. The optical detection system was designed to use an excitation wavelength of 337 nm emanatingfrom a Xenon lamp. Precancerous and cancerous lesions were created in the hamster buccal pouch by treatmentwith 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). Four groups of five hamsters each were used in this experiment. Theright buccal pouch was treated with 0.5% DMBA to induce carcinogenesis while the left buccal pouch was treatedwith mineral oil as a control. The autofluorescence of both buccal pouches was measured weekly. A difference in theexcitation pattern between the normal and the carcinogen-treated tissue was noticed after three weeks. Specifically,the intensity of the autofluorescence spectrum in the DMBA-treated buccal pouch was increased at wavelengths between400 and 450 nm. The results of the autofluorescence measurements were compared to histological findings andshow that the intensity of the autofluorescence increased along with the stage of epithelial dysplasia. Based on thefact that one of the autofluorophores in this tissue is NADH, we measured the fluorescence at the 450-nm NADHwavelength to conclude that the increased autofluorescence in the dysplastic areas may be caused by NADH. Based onthese data, we suggest that autofluorescence optical methods are a useful tool for the early detection of oral cancer.