This study aimed to compare chin deviation in angle measurement on osteroanterior(PA) cephalogram and computed tomography (CT). Chin deviation was assessed as menton(Me) deviation in angle measurement on PA cephalogram and CT images of 35 patients who had orthognathic surgery (19 male and 16 female with average age of 22.1±3.33yr). The difference between the Me deviation was calculated and statistical analysis was performed to compare the deviation direction and asymmetry severity on the two imaging modalities. There was statistically significant difference in the difference of Me deviation between PA cephalogram and CT by one-simple t-test (p<.05). The mean difference of Me deviation was 2.21°± 1.84°. The maximum difference of Me deviation was 8.64°. There were statistical agreements in the deviation direction (k =0.82, p<.05) and in the severity of facial asymmetry (k =0.37, p<.05). The difference of the deviation direction was detected in 2 patients (5.71 %). The difference of the severity of facial asymmetry was in 15 patients (42.86%). The chin deviation in angle measurement might be different between PA cephalogram and CT in some patients.

Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD) is benign and exhibits multifocal involvement of tooth-bearing areas of the jaw. Initially, the lesions are radiolucent but become mixed. In late stages, the lesions change into a radiopaque mass with a thin radiolucent rim. Most FCOD cases are asymptomatic, and conservative treatment is recommended. However, surgical intervention is necessary in secondary infected cases. Because of hypovascularity, infected lesions are difficult to manage and do not respond to antibiotic medications. This clinical report describes the treatment of secondary infection of an FCOD lesion with both conservative and surgical interventions.

This study was performed to analyze the psychologic change of Tae-kwon-do Athletes who were wearing the mouth guard and one of contact sports during their matches of Tae-kwon-do 10 selected Tae-kwon-do athletes who had no injuries which they had college Tae-kwon-do sparring matches in the Cheon-an area have participated in the study. The oral impressions if the selected athletes were taken to produce for individual custom mouth guards. After the mouth guards were produced, each of them sat in a chair and attached G.S.R. surface electrodes in the palms of the ends of the second and third fingers of their left hands without moving their left hands, And then they were asked to watch footages of Tae-kwon-do games to stimulate them as if the had have a mock match, and Labscribe2 which are one of polygraphy was used to record their G.S.R. values. To determine whether the mouth guards affected the changes of their psychological status during the sparring matches of not, the experimental group wore the mouth guards while they watched the footages, and the control group didn’t wear any mouth guards. The G.S.R. values of the two groups were measured while the watched the footages. To see if there were and significant polygraphy differences between the experimental group and the control group in G.S.R. values, a statistical package SPSS was used to make a comparative analysis. And there were significant change in between the experimental and control group that wore the mouth guards, and it was concluded the wearing mouth guards exerts an influence on change in the psychological state of Tae-kwon-do athletes while they watch a footage of mock match.

Coffee (Coffea spp.) is one of the most important agricultural commodities, being widely consumed in the world. Various beneficial health effects of coffee have been extensively investigated, but data on habitual coffee consumption and its bio-physiological effect have not been clearly explained as well as it is not proved the cause and effect between drinking coffee and its bio-physiological reactions. We made the dialyzed coffee extract (DCE), which is absorbable through gastrointestinal tract, in order to elucidate the cellular effect of whole small coffee molecules. RAW 264.7 cells, a murine macrophage lineage, were directly treated with DCE, i.e., DCE-2.5 (equivalent to 2.5 cups of coffee a day), DCE-5, and DCE-10, for 12 hours, and their protein extracts were examined by immunoprecipitation high performance liquid chromatography (IP-HPLC). RAW 264.7 cells differently expressed the inflammation-related proteins depending on the doses of DCE. RAW 264.7 cells treated with DCE showed marked increase of cathepsin C, cathepsin G, CD20, CD28, CD31, CD68, indicating the activation of innate immunity. Particularly, the macrophage biomarkers, cathepsin G, cathepsin C, CD31, and CD68 were markedly increased after DCE-5 and DCE-10 treatments, and the lymphocyte biomarkers, CD20 and CD28 were consistently increased and became marked after DCE-10 treatment. On the other hand, RAW 264.7 cells treated with DCE showed consistent increase of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory factor, but gradual decreases of different pro-inflammatory proteins including TNFα, COX-2, lysozyme, MMP-2, and MMP-3. In particular, the cellular signaling of inflammation was gradually mitigated by the reduction of TNFα, COX-2, IL-12, and M-CSF, and also the matrix inflammatory reaction was reduced by marked deceases of MMP-2, MMP-3, and lysozyme. These anti-inflammatory expressions were consistently found until DCE-10 treatment. Therefore, it is presumed that DCE may have dynamic effects of innate immunity activation and pro-inflammation suppression on RAW264.7 cells simultaneously. These effects were consistently found in the highest dose of coffee, DCE-10 (equivalent to 10 cups of coffee a day in man), that might imply the small coffee molecules were accumulated in RAW 264.7 cells after DCE-10 treatment and produce synergistic cytokine effects for innate immunity activation and anti-inflammatory reaction concurrently.

Although salivary gland adenocarcinoma NOS accounts for third prevalence rate of all salivary gland tumors, it is one of the most aggressive solid tumors. Current therapy does not significantly improve survival rates. Thus, investigating new therapeutic modalities against salivary gland adenocarcinoma NOS is necessary. It is well known that docetaxel(TXT) as an antimicrotubulin agent induces mitotic block in proliferating cells. TXT has significant antitumor effects, and it is currently being tested in patients with malignant tumors, but TXT has not yet been tested in malignant salivary gland tumors. The purpose of this study were to examine the effects of TXT and to evaluate the biological mechanisms of TXT on salivary gland adenocarcinoma NOS. Proliferation, cell cycle regulation, connexin43 expression, apoptosis, and Fas receptor(FasR) expression were measured in cultured SGT cell line. Proliferation was little changed after 10ng/ml TXT exposure, but cellular proliferation was inhibited according to increasing concentration of TXT and time. Especially it was prominently inhibited after 96 hrs at 20ng/ml. G2-M arrest stage showed about up to 5 fold increase after exposure of TXT by flow cytometry. Apoptosis index showed about up to 8 fold increase after exposure of TXT by flow cytometry. Fas expression showed about up to 3 fold increase after exposure of TXT by flow cytometry. Apoptosis showed about up to 3 fold increase at 20ng/ml after exposure of TXT and anti-Fas agonist by flow cytometry. In Immunoslot blotting, Cx 43 protein expression was increased after TXT treatment. It suggested that TXT might induce apoptosis in SGT cells and could be used as a potent and specific chemotherapeutic tool for the treatment of salivary gland adenocarcinoma NOS in future.

To gain insights into the role of purinergic receptors in human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) differentiation, we characterized the expression and functional activity of P2Y1 receptors and investigated the effects of ADP on the proliferation and differentiation of this pulp stem-like cell population. Our data showed that ADP did not induce cell proliferation to expose the various ADP concentrations for 72 hours, but the proliferative capacity of hDPCs was inhibited at higher ATP concentrations (100 μM). Using RT-PCR analysis, we found that ADP induced several P2Y receptors including P2Y1 as well as odontoblastic differentiation genes, dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of ADP on the expression of DMP-1 and DSPP mRNA were prevented by the P2Y1 antagonist MRS2179. The extracellular matrix calcium deposits were clearly observed in ADP-treated hDPCs by alizarin red S staining. Quantitative measurement of mineralization induced by ADP was significantly inhibited in MRS2179-treated hDPCs. These results may provide new insights into the molecular regulation of the differentiation of hDPCs.

The occurrence of atypical lipomatous tumor of the head and neck is rare, and clinical and histologically differential diagnosis of the tumor is needed for other similar diseases. Herein we report atypical lipomatous tumor arising in neck area. And literature review was done. Complete excision with negative margins followed by long-term follow-up is recommended as the treatment of choice for these uncommon entities.

Schwannoma, benign neoplasia derived from schwann cell, is rare tumor, and prevalent in tongue, palate, floor of mouth and buccal mucosa. Thirty-six-year-old male with asymptomatic protrusion of mandible angle was evaluated. We surgically removed the mass and histological examination gave the diagnosis of ancient schwannoma. We report a case of ancient schwannoma in masseter muscle and review of literature.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects and the sensitivity of antifungal therapy for patients with oral candidiasis and to investigate the relationship among the signs & symptoms of patients and the ratio change of Candida species to antifungal therapy. Candida fungus culture test with ChromeIDTM Candida agar (CAN2) was carried out more than twice for 10 patients who visited Oral Medicine department of Chonnam National University Dental Hospital during the period from Dec. 2015 to Aug. 2016. After culturing the smear sample before and after antifungal therapy in ChromeIDTM Candida agar (CAN2), the number of colonies was counted to compare. Patients were divided into 5 group according to the therapeutic effects of the antifungal agents used: 1) high susceptibility to nystatin, 2) low susceptibility to nystatin, 3) high susceptibility to fluzonazole, 4) low susceptibility to fluzonazole, and 5) increased ratio of new Candida species. Although nystatin is used as first-line therapy in oral candidiasis, it is desirable to use fluconazole if patients had a history of the low sensitivity to nystatin or chemotherapy. Even if the patient's symptoms and signs are improved, there is a possibility of oral candidiasis recurring, so that clinicians should be careful during the treatment with antifungal agents.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution of Candida species in patients with oral disease and clarify the distinction of Candida culture test according to its isolation technique. 75 samples was isolated from 42 patients who visited Chonnam National University Dental Hospital due to oral disease from December 2015 to August 2016. For isolating the candida sampling, saliva sampling and oral swabbing were used. Acquired sampling was cultured in CHROMagar Candida Culture Medium, which indicates the candida species as color. Of the 42 patients, C. albicans was the most frequently isolated species in 39 patients. For 17 patients out of 21 who underwent saliva sampling and oral swabbing simultaneously, oral swabbing was quantitatively underestimated comparing to saliva sampling. 12 samples in 21 samples having particular Candida species were not isolated by oral swabbing. Considering the possibility of fungal infection in various oral disease, it is recommended to perform not only oral swabbing but saliva sampling when isolating Candida.

Coffee is one of the most familiar beverages to modern human adults, but its bio-physiological effect has not been clearly elucidated. It was known that more than one thousand chemicals were included in the ordinary coffee extract. Among them, the caffein and chlorogenic acid (caffeoylquinic acids) are most abundant and have been investigated by many authors so far. In order to know the real cellular effect of whole coffee extract elements, the dialyzed coffee extract (DCE)1) was made to get coffee elements less than 1000 Da molecular weight, which are freely absorable through gastrointestinal tract. It was directly treated in the culture of RAW 264.7 cells, a murine macrophage lineage. RAW 264.7 cells were treated with DCE equivalent to 2.5 cups of coffee (DCE-2.5), DCE-5, and DCE-10 for 12 hours, and their protein extracts were examined by histological observation and immunoprecipitation high performance liquid chromatography (IP-HPLC). RAW 264.7 cells differently expressed the proliferation-related proteins depending on the dose of DCE. DCE-2.5 and DCE-5 enhanced the cellular growth of RAW 264.7 cells by increasing the expression of β-actin, PCNA, Ki-67, MPM2, MAX, cMyc, E2F-1, and Rb-1, and by decreasing the expression of MAD and p21. These proliferation-related proteins were rarely affected by DCE-10. DCE-2.5 and DCE-5 induced the cellular proliferation of RAW 264.7 cells by the signaling of E2F-1 and cMyc, respectively, but these cellular effects almost disappeared in DCE-10. Therefore, it was presumed that the low dose of coffee, DCE-2.5 and DCE-5 might be effective for the proliferation of murine macrophages, RAW264.7 cells, contrast to the high dose of coffee, DCE-10. It was also suggested that the low dose of DCE-2.5 and DCE-5 be helpful to increase the innate immunity in vivo by increasing the cell number of macrophages in contrast to the high dose of DCE-10.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains one of the most significant obstacles in various cancer treatment, and this process often involves dysregulation of the number of micro-RNAs. The aim of this study was to explore the role of miR-4708 on the regulation of MDR-1 expression and the regulation of multidrug resistance (MDR) to chemotherapeutic drugs. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that miR-4708 directly binds MDR-1 3’-UTR and down-regulated reporter luciferase activity. The mRNA and protein expression levels of MDR1 were significantly decreased following miR-4708 overexpression. Additionally, the accumulation of rhodamine-123 in paclitacel resistant FaDu cells following miR-4708 transfection was significantly increased compared with control, indicating that the efflux capacity was reduced. These results demonstrated that miR-4708 could be involved in the regulation of MDR via targeting MDR-1 and may provide a potential strategy for reversing drug resistance in oral cancer.